Zopiclone (CAS 43200-80-2): Properties, Uses, and Synthesis

Zopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It acts as an agonist at the GABA-A receptor complex. Zopiclone has a relatively low propensity to cause residual clinical effects such as difficulty in waking or reduced morning concentration.

Chemical Properties: Zopiclone is a crystalline solid. It is a pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound with a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position, and an oxo substituent at the 7-position.

Uses: Zopiclone is primarily used as a sedative-hypnotic for the treatment of insomnia. It has also been investigated for potential antihyperammonemic and antineoplastic properties.

Frequently Asked Questions about Zopiclone

Q: What is the mechanism of action of Zopiclone?

A: Zopiclone is an agonist at the type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor. It interacts with the benzodiazepine receptor complex but is reported to have minimal effects on memory, little synergy with alcohol, and low abuse potential.

Q: How is Zopiclone metabolized?

A: Zopiclone is extensively metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent CYP2C8. The two major metabolites are the less active zopiclone N-oxide and the inactive N-desmethylzopiclone, which are excreted mainly in the urine. About 50% of a dose is converted by decarboxylation to inactive metabolites, which are partly eliminated via the lungs as carbon dioxide.

Q: Are there any significant drug interactions with Zopiclone?

A: Yes, there are several potential drug interactions: - Antibacterials: Erythromycin may inhibit Zopiclone metabolism, while rifampicin can significantly reduce its concentration. - Antipsychotics: May enhance the sedative effects of Zopiclone. - Antivirals: Ritonavir may possibly increase Zopiclone concentration.